Management guide.

PP-747 (Revised), reviewed in July 1996

JR Venette,

RC Smith

HA Lamey,

DK McBride,

Bacterial wilt of cucurbits occurs at throughout the United States. This affects curcurbits

, including cucumbers, melons, squashes, pumpkins, white pumpkins, gourds wild, wild >> << pumpkin and watermelon. The causal bacterium

Erwinia tracheiphila, extends

, first of all, the striped cucumber beetle,

Acalymma vittata and spotted cucumber beetle,

,

Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi. Less than a week after the feeding is performed deep wound bacterial-infected cucumber beetle

, dull green spots may appear on the damaged leaves. Entire leaves and petioles

you are, sometimes so fast, the initial stupidity goes unnoticed. Do

passes through the side shoots and eventually affects the whole plant (Fig. 1). Fruits of infected plants may be faded, small, bad shape and poorly flavored. Cucumbers and melons are suffering the most. All the grapes can weaken during the two

weeks after infection. Squash and pumpkins may not want to fast, but may be insignificant to the

extensive branching and flowering. Watermelons are rarely affected. Figure 1. Bacterial wilt of cucumbers. Early symptoms >> << left to right and advanced features. Figure 1a. Bacterial wilt of melon.

Is caused by slimy mud, which connects all the plumbing >> plant tissue. Faded << plants do not recover, even if the water is enough in the soil. More >> << pathogen causing wilt, bacterial wilt but can be distinguished at the expense of much

wilted stem at the base of the lateral branches, or just above ground level and compressing the cut. Tina will be allocated out of the water conducting tissue. By touching the mud with his finger

then slowly drawing away his fingers, milky, sticky mud will pull on the small of the threads >> << to one-quarter of an inch in length (Fig. 2). This test is best suited for cucumbers and >> << less reliable for other melons. A positive test is a powerful diagnostic feature, but >> << negative result does not mean that the plants do not have the disease. Another test is to place fresh cut

derived from the wilted plant parts per cup of water. If a bacterial

will have, milky exudate appears in the context of the objectives. Both of these tests require

patience, as the bacteria are in the sticky stuff and can not easily seep from the stem to reduce >>. Figure 2 <<. Bacterial

want: thin strands of bacterial ooze. Only the striped cucumber beetle (Fig. 3) plays an important role in the spread of disease

in North Dakota. Adult striped cucumber beetle is about one quarter of an inch in length,

yellow-green, with three longitudinal black stripes on the back (Fig. 3). Bacteria

hibernate in the gut bug or bugs may be contaminated by feeding on infected wild

. Power beetles spread of pathogens want from plant to plant in their mouth

or in the feces. Not all beetles carry the pathogen, and not all wounds

cause infection, even if the beetle is a carrier. Only the deep wounds that provide food >> << tissue water is contaminated. Cucumber beetles prefer to eat wilted plants

, which increases beetle contamination. The disease spreads rapidly under normal conditions >> << moisture, but slows down the spread in rainy or drought periods. Beetles >> << less active in the long cool, wet weather. In very dry weather, there is no film of water >> << through which the bacteria are able to penetrate the vascular system. Pathogen >> << You can also enter the plant through mechanical injury, which provide water tissue. Figure 3. The striped cucumber beetle. The most effective disease control is the prompt elimination of cucumber beetles. Beetles can transmit

squash mosaic virus and bacterial wilt and can cause serious damage >> <<, feeding on leaves. Management should begin either at the first beetle

seen or when the first seedlings appear cucurbit. Some manufacturers have plants

catch crops of melons heavily on a small area for a few days before planting the main crop >>. Catch << crops are designed to attract beetles that can be sprayed with insecticides. Unfortunately, the catch crops could increase the beetle population, if not sprayed properly. Small trees can be protected against the cucumber beetle to the survey. Gauze can be used >> << if the edges are weighted to prevent the beetles crawl under the cover and

feeding. In larger plantings, chemical control. Quick methoxychlor murder

diazinon and carbaryl are currently recommended insecticides. Pumpkin easily

affected by insecticides, so that only light applications should be made. Details of the recommended >> << strengths and formulations can be found in the circular expansion of E-331, garden insects

Manual control. Be sure to follow the instructions. Remove or destroy infected vines. Wilted plants can not be saved. In large plantations

infected vines pulled out and allowed to dry, where they lay. If the infected vines

confused with a healthy vine in the garden, do not try to separate them. Rather than risk violating

healthy grapes, pull the infected wine and let it dry in place. In the autumn >> << to remove and destroy the entire crop refused to reduce other diseases and reduce the melon

hibernation sites for the beetle. Change is happening in the pathogen strattera cost. The strains are more or less vigorously in various melons >>. << Resistant varieties of hybrids, which have less bitterness factor

in their lines. Apparently cucurbitacin B and cucurbitacin

C, which are attractive to beetles, are compounds that cause bitterness >> << factor cucumbers. With this in mind, it might be a good idea to select those varieties

which historically have little or no record of bitterness developing fetus. These >> << will include: Improved Long Green, Eversweet, Ashley, Sunnybrook, Saticoy Hybrid, and

, lemon. Some seed catalogs to promote varieties or varieties that are not bitter. These varieties

likely to be less susceptible to cucumber wilt. Other common measures of control of bacterial wilt of cucurbits include:

control all weeds in or near the pumpkin patch, avoiding damage to melons, when plants are wet,

Not a weedy vine planting a forest or brush, where the cucumber beetles

winter squash and store only from healthy vines. PP-747 (Revised), April 1989.